Metabolite-wide

We provide a result screening approach based on metabolites that users are allowed to select interested metabolite and find its associated diseases or traits. The metabolic profiling of blood samples was performed through the Nightingale Health NMR biomarker platform using high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy1.

Detailed descriptions of sample preparation, biomarker measurements and quality controls can be found in previous documentation. The blood sample handling and storage protocol of UKB has been previously described2.

A total of 249 metabolic measures were quantified through NMR and were classified into 10 categories according to UK Biobank, covering amino acids, apolipoproteins, cholesterol, fatty acids, fluid balance, glycolysis-related metabolites, inflammation, ketone bodies, and lipoprotein and lipid. The 249 NMR-quantified measures include pre-existing ratios (e.g., ApoB/ApoA1, Omega-6/Omega-3, PUFA/MUFA, TG/PG) derived prior to our analysis.

An additional 64 derived ratios integrated based on previous publication3. a biological knowledge-based approach. In total, 313 NMR measures were included in the analysis, and please find all analyzed metabolic measures here.

[1] Soininen, P., Kangas, A. J., Würtz, P., Suna, T., & Ala-Korpela, M. Quantitative serum nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics in cardiovascular epidemiology and genetics. Circulation: cardiovascular genetics, 8(1), 192-206 (2015).

[2] Elliott, P., & Peakman, T. C. The UK Biobank sample handling and storage protocol for the collection, processing and archiving of human blood and urine. International journal of epidemiology, 37(2), 234-244 (2008).

[3] Chen, Y., Lu, T., Pettersson-Kymmer, U., Stewart, I. D., Butler-Laporte, G., Nakanishi, T., ... & Richards, J. B. Genomic atlas of the plasma metabolome prioritizes metabolites implicated in human diseases. Nature genetics, 55(1), 44-53 (2023).